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CFD: Major Breakthrough Paves the Way for Fully NonLinear Three-Dimensional Fluid Simulation in the Quantum World

A GAME CHANGER for NEXT GENERATION CFD and SIMULATION BASED DESIGN. What industrial benefit could quantum computing bring? The question is interesting, not least in the sub-PLM area of simulation and analysis. Quantum advantages, defined as the ability to use quantum computers to solve problems beyond the reach of classical computers, could solve some of the most challenging computational problems in the manufacturing industry. For example, in automotive and battery-powered electric cars, it could contribute to better and faster calculations around lithium compounds and battery chemistry. This can, for example, create a deeper understanding of how the docking energy of proteins works, resulting in better batteries. This is just one example, there are other general CFD areas where quantum calculations could serve brilliantly.
These issues are brought up to date by a news release from HPC and CAE developer Altair and the Technical University of Munich, which could open up a new world of possibilities in areas traditionally governed by classical physics, such as CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), by enabling practical applications of quantum computing.
A major breakthrough is presented in an article published in the journal Computer Physics Communications: Executable code for quantum computers and quantum simulators that overcomes several key challenges in the implementation of quantum computing by the Lattice-Boltzmann method.
The paper, entitled, "Quantum Algorithm for the Lattice-Boltzmann Method Advection-Diffusion Equation", has been produced through a grant from Altair. Roughly speaking, the Lattice-Boltzmann method basically works with two key processes: collision and streaming. In the collision phase, particle distributions at each lattice node interact, resulting in a reshuffle of particle velocities, ensuring that both mass and momentum are conserved.
What has now been done is that a generic quantum CFD algorithm for three-dimensional CFD has been developed for the first time. The algorithm has the potential to bring fully nonlinear three-dimensional CFD into the quantum world. This could be a game changer for next-generation CFD and simulation-based design as the results demonstrate the enormous possibilities in terms of model size and scalability that quantum computers offer compared to classical computers.
Altair's Christian Janssen, VP of CFD Solutions and co-author of the article says: "Now we're exploring the revolutionary potential of quantum computing to tackle more complex simulations, opening up new opportunities for innovation in product."
"This is an important discovery which has the potential to open a new dimension of quantum computing," agreed Nikolaus Adams, professor of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, at the Technical University of Munich. "We have presented the building blocks for a new generation of quantum computing algorithms."

Big things, then, that could eventually make quantum computing a practical tool for tackling challenging real-world problems.
”Exactly,” says Janssen. “This is a significant contribution to the field of applied quantum computing that also underlines Altair’s commitment to cutting-edge technologies.”
Additionally, it is interesting to note that Altair generally has been a outstanding proactive player in CAE, HPC, AI and other areas. Partly so by its acquisitions, partly due to organic internal development effeorts.

Notably today’s quantum research is the latest in a series of developments catalyzed by Altair’s venture into quantum computing. For example, Altair has also invested in Riverlane, a company that specializes in making quantum computing more robust and practical by solving quantum error correction (QEC) challenges. Riverlane, headquartered in Cambridge, U.K., was founded in 2016 and is known for Deltaflow, a unique QEC stack that helps quantum computers reach sufficient scale to execute the first error-corrected quantum applications.

Algorithm for quantum computational fluid dynamics
Having said that about Altair, let’s take a closer look at the research that is the subject of this article.

The goal of the project was to develop an algorithm for quantum computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). By making classical CFD compatible with quantum mechanics, users can leverage the superior processing power of quantum computing for simulations that are exponentially faster and potentially more accurate than classical computations.

Due to its potential to exponentially increase computational speed and enable more complex simulations, quantum computing is expected to have a significant impact on product development in many industries, namely healthcare, finance, and natural/life sciences.

”This is an important discovery for both our team and the Altair researchers, one that has the potential to open a new dimension of quantum computing,” says professor Nikolaus Adams. He added:
”We have presented the building blocks for a new generation of quantum computing algorithms, which will hopefully bring more practical quantum computing applications to the forefront in both industry and academia.”

Design of quantum circuits
As discussed in a similar paper by the same group of researchers, today’s quantum computing algorithms are developed at the deep machine level by designing quantum circuits. Classical CFD is non-uniform and non-linear, while quantum formulations are uniform and linear. The research found a uniform transformation for classical CFD, in addition to developing a machine learning method for the non-linear aspect.

The article in Computer Physics Communications was authored by David Wawrzyniak of the Technical University of Munich, Josef Winter, Steffen Schmidt, Thomas Indinger and Nikolaus A. Adams, along with Janssen and and the company’s former chief technology officer, Uwe Schramm.

All quantum computing was performed at the Leibniz Supercomputing Centre, near Munich, Germany, on the Atos QLM system.

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